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Fitness costs on herbicide-resistant Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde germination.

Authors: Nunes, F. A.; Monquero, P. A.; Silva, P. V.; Schedenffeldt, B. F.; Franceschetti, M. B.; Pereira, G. R.;

Fitness costs on herbicide-resistant Digitaria insularis (L.) Fedde germination.

Abstract

Resumo A Digitaria insularis é uma espécie de difícil controle devido a perenização, intensa formação de touceiras e ampla presença de biótipos resistentes a herbicidas. Objetiva-se testar a hipótese que os biótipos de D. insularis com resistência simples ou múltipla aos herbicidas possuem custos adaptativos que influenciam em sua germinação. Para se determinar o fator de resistência, foi realizado uma curva de dose resposta, aplicando isoladamente os herbicidas glyphosate e haloxyfop-P-methyl. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), constituído das 9 doses de cada herbicida para cada um dos biótipos, com quatro repetições. As avaliações de controle foram realizadas aos 14, 28 e 42 DAA e massa seca de parte aérea aos 100 DAA. O segundo estudo foi realizado em DIC, para mensurar a taxa de germinação em função da temperatura e fotoperíodo para cada período de luminosidade (0, 8 e 12 horas). Conduzido em câmaras de germinação, em esquema fatorial 6x3, com 6 diferentes temperaturas e 3 biótipos, respectivamente. As avaliações ocorreram até 14 DAA, onde foram realizadas as contagens das plântulas sadias. Calculou-se a porcentagem de germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação IVG. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística e através da curva de dose resposta foi confirmada a resistência e/ou suscetibilidade dos biótipos. Para os biótipos suscetíveis e com resistência simples, as temperaturas mais favoráveis para a germinação foram 20, 30 e 40 °C, nas quais se observaram as maiores porcentagens de germinação e um índice de velocidade de germinação mais elevado. Em contrapartida, para o biótipo com resistência múltipla, as temperaturas de 25, 30 e 35 °C foram mais favoráveis, promovendo resultados superiores em ambos os parâmetros estudados.

Abstract Digitaria insularis poses a significant challenge in weed control due to its perennial habit, dense clumping growth, and the widespread presence of herbicide-resistant biotypes. Our research investigates whether single or multiple herbicide resistance biotypes of D. insularis experience fitness costs, specifically affecting their germination. To determine the resistance factor, a dose-response curve was employed using glyphosate and haloxyfop-P-methyl herbicides separately in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates per dose (nine doses total). Shoot dry mass was measured at 100 days after herbicide application (DAA), with control assessments performed at 14, 28, and 42 DAA. Subsequently, a separate CRD experiment examined the germination rate as a function of temperature and photoperiod for each biotype. This factorial scheme tested six temperatures across three biotypes (susceptible and two resistant types) under three light exposure periods (0, 8, and 12 hours). Germination percentage and the germination speed index (GSI) were calculated for 14 days, with counts of healthy seedlings recorded daily. Statistical analysis confirmed the resistance/susceptibility of the biotypes based on the dose-response curve. For the susceptible and simple resistance biotypes, the most favorable temperatures for germination were 20, 30 and 40 °C, at which the highest germination percentages and a higher germination speed index were observed. On the other hand, for the biotype with multiple resistance, the temperatures of 25, 30 and 35 °C were more favorable, promoting superior results in both parameters studied.

Keywords

Glyphosate, sourgrass, Time Factors, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, capim-amargoso, Herbicides, Glycine, Temperature, Germination, haloxyfop-P-methyl, resistance, resistência, glyphosate, Digitaria, Herbicide Resistance

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average