Thyroid is an endocrine gland that is responsible for producing and releasing two hormones: triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). Hypothyroidism as the disorder happens when the synthesis of those hormones is impaired. It is most commonly caused by the chronic autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid, referred to as Hashimoto’s disease. In this case, apart from the pharmacological treatment, diet does matter a great deal, too. It is extremely important to provide the body with all the essential nutrients. Exclusion of products that may interfere with the uptake of iodine - the trace element that is indispensable for the thyroid gland hormone synthesis, seems to be crucial, too. They most of all include cruciferous vegetables containing goitrogens (goitrogenic substances). This review aimed to collect and summarize the available scientific data on the safety of the cruciferous vegetable consumption within the context of its impact upon the thyroid function.