Transgender people are at risk of being in worse health than the cisgender population. On the one hand, they encounter specific health problems, mostly related to the impact of minority stress on their mental and somatic health. On the other hand, the preventive recommendations usually do not account for gender-affirming hormonal or surgical treatments that can alter their biologic or anatomic risk profile. The health of transgender people is an area in which research is yet sparse, professionals seldom trained, and where uncertainty remains. The aim of this review article is to summarize the current state of knowledge and propose recommendations for clinical practice.