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Article . 2022
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[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease].

Authors: García Castillo, Elena; Vargas, Gianna; Garcia Guerra, Jose Alfonso; Lopez Giraldo, Alejandra; Alonso Pérez, Tamara;

[Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease].

Abstract

La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) se relaciona con el tabaquismo como principal agente etiológico, si bien existen otros factores de riesgo que pueden interactuar influyendo en el desarrollo de la enfermedad. La definición de EPOC se asienta en tres puntos: la presencia de síntomas respiratorios persistentes, la exposición a agentes etiológicos y un cociente espirométrico obstructivo no reversible. La espirometría forzada con prueba broncodilatadora es la prueba de elección para confirmar el diagnóstico de EPOC, no obstante, se están intentando desarrollar métodos alternativos para el cribado de la enfermedad, dado el importante infradiagnóstico actual de esta patología. Con el fin de avanzar en una medicina más personalizada, en el paciente se han adoptado herramientas de clasificación como son los fenotipos clínicos y los rasgos tratables, permitiendo adecuar los tratamientos en función de las características de los pacientes. El tratamiento no farmacológico, como la deshabituación tabáquica, la vacunación, el ejercicio físico. . . es fundamental en el manejo de la enfermedad, así como el tratamiento farmacológico basado en los fenotipos clínicos. Los eosinófilos se han convertido en un marcador clave a la hora de instaurar el tratamiento con glucocorticoides inhalados. En el seguimiento de la enfermedad, es de especial relevancia evaluar el grado de control de esta, siendo un elemento fundamental para establecer un adecuado control la ausencia de agudizaciones. Estas conllevan importantes implicaciones en la mortalidad, morbilidad y calidad de vida de los pacientes, siendo necesarios más estudios para definir mejor los fenotipos de las agudizaciones y sus biomarcadores

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is related to smoking as the main etiological agent although there are other risk factors that can interact influencing the development of the disease. The definition of COPD is based on three points: the presence of persistent respiratory symptoms, exposure to risk agents, and a non-reversible obstructive spirometric ratio. Forced spirometry with a bronchodilator test is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of COPD, however, attempts are being made to develop alternative methods for screening given the current significant underdiagnosis of this pathology. In order to advance in a more personalized medicine for the patient, classification tools have been adopted such as clinical phenotypes and treatable traits, allowing treatments to be adapted according to the characteristics of the patients. Non-pharmacological treatment (smoking cessation, vaccination, physical exercise…) are essential for the management of the disease, as well as pharmacological treatment based on clinical phenotypes. Eosinophils have become a key marker when establishing treatment with inhaled glucocorticoids. In the follow-up of the disease, it is very relevant to evaluate the degree of control being a fundamental element the absence of exacerbations given their implications in mortality, morbidity and quality of life of patients. More studies are needed to better define the phenotypes of exacerbations and their biomarkers

Keywords

tratamiento, treatment, etiología, diagnosis, Medicina, etiology, COPD, EPOC, diagnóstico

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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