
[ES] La apnea obstructiva de sueño (AOS) se define como la presencia de un índice de apneas-hiponeas (IAH)>15/h, predominantemente obstructivas o IAH mayor de 5 con síntomas, los síntomas clásicos son apneas observadas, somnolencia diurna y roncopatía, no obstante, hay muchos otros síntomas asociados. Para valorar la gravedad de AOS clásicamente se atendía únicamente al valor de IAH pero cada vez hay mayor evidencia en implicar otros factores. La predisposición para desarrollar AOS viene determinado por rasgos anatómicos y funcionales. Padecer AOS aumenta el riesgo de accidentes, hipertensión arterial (HTA) y se asociado con riesgo cardiovascular, diabetes mellitus (DM), arrítmica cardiaca y neoplasias. Para valorar la probabilidad de AOS se han desarrollado cuestionarios y escalas para valorar síntomas, el diagnóstico de certeza se obtiene mediante polisomnografía (PSG) que es la prueba gold standard, o bien la poligrafía que es una prueba diagnóstica más simple y accesible para el diagnóstico validada, la utilización de una u otra dependerá de la sospecha y las comorbilidades asociadas. Los tratamientos para la apnea del sueño cada vez tienden a ser más individualizado en función de las características del paciente y todos son complementarios. Las medidas higiénico-dietéticas debe aplicarse en todos los pacientes, la presión positiva continua en la vía respiratoria (CPAP) es el tratamiento más efectivo y con mayor evidencia, pero también se dispone de otros tratamientos como los dispositivos de avance mandibular (DAM), la terapia postural y opciones quirúrgicas entre otros. La telemedicina está avanzando en el seguimiento de los pacientes con AOS, tanto desde las consultas no presenciales como el control de los equipos mediante wifi para valorar la adherencia, eficacia y correcto control de la terapia.
[EN] predominantly obstructive or AHI greater than 5 with symptoms, the classic symptoms are observed apneas, daytime sleepiness and snoring, however, there are many other associated symptoms. To assess the severity of OSA, classically, only the AHI value was considered, but there is increasing evidence to implicate other factors. The predisposition to develop OSA is determined by anatomical and functional features. Having OSA increases the risk of accidents, high blood pressure (HBP) and is associated with cardiovascular risk, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiac arrhythmia and neoplasms. To assess the probability of OSA, questionnaires and scales have been developed to assess symptoms, the certain diagnosis is obtained by polysomnography (PSG), which is the gold standard test, or polygraphy, which is a simpler and more accessible diagnostic test for diagnosis validated, the use of one or the other will depend on the suspicion and the associated comorbidities. Treatments for sleep apnea increasingly tend to be more individualized based on the characteristics of the patient and all are complementary. Hygienic-dietary measures should be applied in all patients, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the most effective treatment and with the most evidence, but other treatments are also available such as mandibular advancement devices (MAD), postural therapy and surgical options among others. Telemedicine is advancing in the follow-up of patients with OSA, both from non-face-to-face consultations and control of equipment via Wi-Fi to assess adherence, efficacy and correct control of therapy.
Peer reviewed
Treatment, Diagnóstico, Diagnosis, Tratamiento, Apnea obstructiva sueño (AOS), Telemedicina, Consecuencias, Obstructive sleep apnea, Consequences, Telemedicine
Treatment, Diagnóstico, Diagnosis, Tratamiento, Apnea obstructiva sueño (AOS), Telemedicina, Consecuencias, Obstructive sleep apnea, Consequences, Telemedicine
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