The ideology of Chinese traditional five-tone music therapy started in the five-tone music practice for witch medicine (Wu Yi) or Shaman medicine (Sa Man Yi Xue) treatment in the primitive period. It came from the five-element thinking, i.e, wood, fire, earth, metal and water which matches each inner organ in the human body to diagnose the lesion of the five main organs in traditional Chinese medicine. The five-tone system diagnoses the lesion of the five inner organs based on the changes of the five tones Jue, Zheng, Gong, Shang and Yu, and the construction of the traditional Chinese medicine theories. It eventually formed in the Yellow Emperor's Internal Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing)during the Warring Period. Chinese traditional five-tone music therapy evolved and developed in each historical dynasty, and laid an ideological and theoretical foundation for contemporary Chinese traditional five-tone music therapy. It helped construct a music therapy as a traditional cultural treasure with unique Chinese cultural characteristics.