In this paper a construct called "Präventives Handeln" is outlined. This term is developed within the framework of a general term of "action". First the actualisation of preventive actions in concrete situations is analysed. The relation of this process to conflict, anxiety and self awareness is described. As a special problem the change from external, situational, to internal, structural reinforcers, that seems to be essential for this type of action, is discussed. Finally some consequences for practical applications are presented.