When the causes and pathophysiology of the various types of ileus are known there are numerous possibilities of preventing them and logical therapeutic approaches, in particular in the case of functional ileus. Careful postoperative monitoring is obligatory! With regard to stimulation of bowel function, the principle of elimination of inhibition of motility by sympathicolysis has a place alongside the well-known nonspecific measures and direct stimulation. If conservative measures fail laparotomy must be repeated as soon as possible to procure relief. In the treatment of ileus associated with peritonitis the numerous new methods of flushing the abdomen, the involvement of anaerobes in some cases, and the possibilities offered by new antibiotics should be kept in mind. The involvement or predominance of mechanical ileus factors in the clinical picture must be recognized early and surgery performed without delay. Early consultation of an abdominal surgeon is recommended.