The sickle cell trait may result in recurrent macroscopic haematuria which can cause severe anaemia. Despite normal intravenous urography and CAT, the haemorrhage probably occurs in the renal medulla due to the operative physiopathogenic conditions. A proliferative mesangial glomerulonephritis with IgG, IgA, IgM and complement deposits, which has a controversial relationship with sickle cell disease, may be discovered by renal biopsy. The severity of the anaemia may necessitate treatment with epsilon-aminocaproic acid which cures the haematuria but may provoke rhabdomyolysis. This case report is followed by a review of the literature of the different types of renal involvement in sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia.