To explore the genetic basis for a Chinese pedigree affected with X-linked retinoschisis.Clinical data of the pedigree was collected. Following DNA extraction, PCR and Sanger sequencing were carried out to detect potential variant in the RS1 gene. The result was verified by using PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism assay.All male patients were found to harbor a c.458T>G (p.Val153Gly) variant of the RS1 gene, for which Their mothers were heterozygous carriers. The same variant was not detected among unaffected members of the pedigree as well as 100 healthy controls. Bioinformatic analysis suggested the variant to be pathogenic.The c.458T>G (p.Val153Gly) variant of the RS1 gene probably underlay the X-linked retinoschisis in this pedigree.