To evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in the prenatal screening and its role in the system of prenatal diagnosis.A total of 22 649 singleton pregnant women who were registered and finally delivered or had induced labor at Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Capital Medical University were enrolled. The routes of prenatal screening were analyzed to evaluate the efficacy of prenatal screening. Meanwhile, 9268 pregnant women who underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis procedure were enrolled. The indications and results of prenatal diagnosis were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of prenatal screening.60.24% of singleton pregnant women have opted for Down syndrome screening, and their age was mainly under 35. The proportion of women opted for NIPT was 34.74%, and were mainly between 35 and 39. The overall diagnostic rate of trisomy 21, 18 and 13 trisomy for those with high risk by NIPT was 0.89%, which yielded a positive predictive value of 75.71%. For those with moderate risk by serum screening, 0.30% was predicted with a high risk by NIPT. Among women undergoing prenatal diagnosis, 63.04% and 21.22% had the indication of advanced age or high risk by serum screening, and the positive predictive values were 5.1% and 5.13%, respectively. By contrast, 2.30% of women undergoing prenatal diagnosis had a high risk by NIPT, which yielded a positive predictive value of 54.46%.With the change of the age composition of pregnant women and increase in the complexity of pregnancy in China, to build a prenatal screening system based on NIPT will be helpful to improve the efficiency of the current system of prenatal screening and diagnosis.