To compare the therapeutic effect between long-snake moxibustion combined with western medication and simple medication on diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) of spleen and kidney yang deficiency.A total of 60 patients with IBS-D of spleen and kidney yang deficiency were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the control group, loperamide hydrochloride capsule (2.0 mg each time, 3 times a day) and bacillus licheniformis live capsule (0.5 mg each time, 3 times a day) were given orally. In the observation group, long-snake moxibustion was added on the basis of the treatment in the control group, ginger-partitioned moxibustion was applied from Dazhui (GV 14) to Yaoshu (GV 2) of governor vessel, once a week. The treatment was given for 8 weeks in both groups. The scores of main symptom and IBS quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOL) were observed before and after treatment, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated in both groups.Compared before treatment, the symptom scores of abdominal pain, defecation frequency, mucous stool and appetite reduction were decreased (P<0.05), the scores of daily social intercourse, daily activity, diet, work, emotion, sleep quality, mental state and energy change were increased in both groups (P<0.05). After treatment, each sub-item score of main symptom in the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05), each sub-item score of IBS-QOL was higher than the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 96.7% (29/30) in the observation group, which was superior to 73.3% (22/30) in the control group (P<0.05).Long-snake moxibustion combined with western medication can effectively treat the IBS-D of spleen and kidney yang deficiency, relieve the clinical symptoms and improve the quality of life, the effect is superior to the simple treatment of oral western medication.