TAVI - New Frontiers Abstract. In this overview, the current major challenges in the field of TAVI are discussed with available supporting data. Valve-in-valve procedures have become routine with reliable evidence to optimise outcomes and minimise the risk of patient prosthesis mismatch. Treating bicuspid aortic valve anatomy remains a challenge with no imminent sign of randomised data to assist treatment decisions; however, it seems clear that improving transcatheter technology and operator experience can lead to excellent results in selected patients. Despite the lingering risk of valve leaflet thrombosis, dual-antiplatelet therapy after TAVI appears to do more harm than good in comparison to single antiplatelet therapy. Whether oral anticoagulation may yet tip the scales toward net clinical benefit remains to be determined. Finally, with TAVI firmly established as the preferred treatment for patients with high and intermediate surgical risk, and as a suitable alternative to surgery in some low risk patients, increasing attention is being turned to the timing of valve intervention. In particular, there is a clear trend away from the traditional symptomatology and strict haemodynamic parameter-driven strategies that have dictated treatment algorithms until now, toward investigating and treating aortic stenosis before the occurrence of deleterious extra-valvular effects.