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Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Procedures: Facial Plastic Surgery.

Authors: Tam T, Nguyen; Prasad, Kilaru;

Plastic Surgery and Cosmetic Procedures: Facial Plastic Surgery.

Abstract

Facial plastic surgery deals with improving the form, function, and appearance of the face. Blepharoplasty (ie, eyelid surgery) is the most commonly performed surgical procedure in men and women 65 years and older. It has been shown to be effective for improving attractiveness and eyelid function (eg, improved visual field). Indications for upper and lower eyelid surgery include aesthetic concerns, ptosis, and peripheral field vision impairment. Facelift procedures resuspend, reposition, and release underlying facial structures and excise excess skin to improve the appearance of the face. Facelifts mainly involve manipulation of the superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS), a group of muscles in the lateral face. Types of facelifts include subcutaneous facelift with SMAS manipulation to allow for facial shaping of the deep soft tissue. Such manipulation can include SMAS-ectomy, SMAS plication, and SMAS flap creation. Deep plane facelift involves the SMAS and release of the facial and cervical retaining ligaments. Hematoma is a common serious complication of facelifts. Less common complications include skin flap necrosis, nerve damage, and scarring. Rhinoplasty is another commonly performed facial surgery. The two main forms are open rhinoplasty and closed rhinoplasty.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Male, Rhytidoplasty, Humans, Female, Surgery, Plastic

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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