Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region. At present, the treatment of OSCC is mainly based on surgical oriented comprehensive sequence therapy, especially the triple therapy of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the overall five-year survival rate is relatively low. Therefore, researching the pathogenesis and treatment methods of OSCC is important. The immune checkpoint of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and programmed death receptor-1 ligand (PD-L1) have been the focus of research in recent years. Several studies have shown that the high expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in most OSCC microenvironments may contribute to the immune escape of tumors. In this study, the research status of immune checkpoint of PD-1/PD-L1 and its relevant inhibitors in OSCC were reviewed.