The authors describe seven cases of endophthalmitis following cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation. The patients were treated with antibiotics together with mydriatics or with mydriatics and antiinflammatory medication only. Rapid healing of the endophthalmitis was observed in both series, with good restitution of visual acuity. According to various articles on this complication, approximately 75% of the aqueous humor samples taken are bacteriologically positive. The present authors therefore took samples of aqueous humor intraoperatively in randomly chosen cases, in order to establish whether there were any false-positive results due to external contamination. A brief review of the literature is presented.