The purpose of the research was to study the structure of diseases of the submandibular salivary gland, to improve the diagnosis and effectiveness of the surgical treatment of patients with diseases of the submandibular salivary glands. A survey and treatment of 1094 patients with diseases of the submandibular salivary glands was performed. It was revealed that the most common disease of the submandibular salivary gland is calculous submaxillitis in the exacerbated and chronic stages of the inflammatory process (82.1%). Tumors and tumor-like formations of the submandibular glands account for 15.3% (167 patients), among which tumor-like formations were detected in 6.0%, and benign and malignant tumors of the submandibular glands were found in 94.0% of cases. Postoperative tumor relapses were detected in 2.1% of cases. The reason for them was a violation of the technique of surgical intervention. According to our observations, only the joint use of different diagnostic methods for examining patients with pathology of the submandibular glands (sialography, orthopantomosialography, computed tomosialography, CT, MRI, ultrasound) can significantly increase the diagnostic value of the methods used. The operation must be carried out by simultaneously removing the detected neoplasm with extirpation of the submandibular gland.