Cellular therapies Abstract. Transfusion medicine and allogeneic stem cell transplantation are well known and established cellular therapies in hematology. Since decades many efforts have been made, in order to re-program the patient's own immune system in order to clear malignancies. A breakthrough was achieved with the manufacturing and optimizing of so-called chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells, genetically engineered cells, specifically directed against tumor antigens. In this review we discuss the structure of CAR T-cells, their manufacturing and the different steps of a CAR T-cell treatment according to the current licensing. Furthermore, we give an outlook on future prospects of cellular therapies including the major issues in the field.