When planning a journey to a destinations where infectious diseases are endemic one needs to undertake appropriate prophylactic measures in order to reduce the risk of developing a travel-related health problem. It is important that a traveller undergoes a medical examination before travel, makes sure that his travel first-aid kit includes all the necessary medicines and receives all the required and recommended travel vaccinations. There are currently two vaccination requirements and more than ten vaccination recommendations for international travellers according to the World Health Organization guidelines. The article discusses the major issues concerning immunoprophylaxis for travellers, in particular the epidemiology of infectious diseases and the vaccination schedules (the primary course and booster doses).