The aim of the study was to optimize the strategies of diagnosis and treatment of chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) in the elderly by using a multidimensional integrated approach in determining the role of biological, individual psychological and social factors in the occurrence and course of the disease. The object of study - patients with CCI. As a result of the study, a methodology for systematic research of CCI was developed for the first time. It promotes an understanding of not only psychosomatic and somatopsychic relationships, but also mechanisms of an individual's adaptation to the disease and optimization of the patient's quality of life. The author proposes a diagnostic and treatment diagnostic algorithm for elderly people with CCI, which can be used to build comprehensive programs for the primary prevention of stroke in the population scale. The idea was expressed about the correspondence of the stages of dyscirculatory encephalopathy (neurological manifestations of the disease) and the variants of the course of the psychoorganic syndrome, reflecting the severity of cerebral dyshemia and impaired cognitive status.