In front of a very calcified aortoiliac axis, renal transplantation with implantation of the artery on vascular prosthesis can be proposed. This rare intervention is considered difficult and morbid. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the overall and specific survival of the transplant in this situation. The secondary objective was the study of the complications and the evolution of the transplant's renal function.From a multicenter retrospective data collection of the DIVAT cohort (6 centers) added with data from 4 other transplant centers, we studied transplants with prosthetic arterial anastomosis.Thirty four patients was included. The median duration of follow-up was 2.5 years. 4 patients died in the month following transplantation, 16 were hemodialysis and 9 were transfused. The median survival of the transplant was 212 days. Functional arrests of the transplant were mostly associated with nephrological degradation and return to dialysis (about 80%) while 10% were related to a death of the recipient directly attributable to renal transplantation. The surgical complications of the transplantation were marked by one arterial stenosis, one fistula and 4 urinary stenoses.Thus, renal transplantation with arterial anastomosis on vascular prosthesis, on selected patients, offers an alternative to dialysis. A national compendium of transplanted patients on vascular prosthesis would allow a long-term follow-up of transplant's survival and define selection criteria prior to this kind of surgery.3.