Numerous published scientific studies in the field of human nutrition suggest, with mixed levels of evidence, that nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns are major determinants of cardiometabolic diseases. In some cases, the convergence of scientific arguments is such that the scientific community have issued in international consensus nutritional recommendations. In other cases, on the contrary, the arguments available do not yet make it possible to affirm the reality of the link between the suspected nutritional factors and cardiometabolic diseases. This article is based on the state-ofthe- art scientific evidence available to enlighten the reader on the components of a beneficial, deleterious or neutral diet on cardiometabolic health.