In addition to conventional video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS)as minimallyinvasive surgeryfor lung cancer, medical insurance system of robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(RATS)byusing da Vinci Surgical System®(DVSS)is just adapted from this spring. Although VATS is widelydiffused in clinical practice, it is recommended as grade C1(considerable)in the latest lung cancer medical guideline. On the other hand, it has been noticed that RATS is attractive and expected to cover the disadvantages of conventional VATS. In the comparison of both VATS and RATS lobectomyfor lung cancer, theyhave been reported to be comparable in safetyand efficacy, but RATS is superior at the viewpoint of good operabilityand faster learning curve. However, high costs and the longer operative time in RATS are of a concern. Experience of RATS is still in the initial phase, however from now on RATS is graduallyinfiltrating and expected to demonstrate the improvement of perioperative outcome. Especially, manyinstitutes have just began to introduce robotic surgeryin general thoracic field after the adaption of medical insurance. So, safetyand sure spread of RATS is an urgent and important issue in our field. Of course, while coexisting with VATS, it is important to verifythe efficacyof RATS.