Driving and vision disorders. Optimal vision is mandatory for safe driving. Many either acute or chronic ophthalmological conditions may unconsciously alter the driver's vision. A sufficient visual function is mandatory to obtain a driver's license, with specific criteria depending on the type of the vehicle and the drivers's occupation. The Decree of 18 December 2015 amending the Decree of 21 December 2005 sets out a list of medical conditions incompatible with a driving license or which may lead to the issuance of driving licenses for a limited period of validity. Every driver must constantly be in both condition and position to perform all the required maneuvers without delay. The occurrence of different ophthalmological conditions throughout life is a key parameter to be considered when improving road safety. The regulation is clear about the procedures to be followed by the drivers but progress is still needed to inform patients about their disability and also the risks incurred by those suffering from ocular diseases. New generation driving simulators and the development of autonomous cars may improve road safety without limiting the autonomy even if the use is only scheduled for 2030.