In addition to species identification, the volatile components of dalbergia odorifera and dalbergia spp, were investigated by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Small amounts of powder samples were acquired by drilling from dalbergia, then the volatile components of the powder samples were concentrated by SPME, and separated by AB-FFAP polar capillary GC column. Of all the volatile components, twenty types were identified, and two pairs of them, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-heptyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-one and 2,6,10-trimethyl-7,10-epoxy-2,11-dodecadien-6-ol, 2-methylbutylidene-cyclopentane and 2-(5-methyl-furan-2-yl)-propionaldehyde, could be considered specific volatile components for the identification of dalbergia odorifera and dalbergia spp, and the relative contents of these two pairs were compared for the species identification analysis. The method has the advantages of less sample requirement, simple operation, and no construction damage. The method is suitable for the research of volatile components and species identification analysis of dalbergia odorifera and dalbergia spp, and has broad prospective application in the analysis of furniture, art collections and raw wood of dalbergia.