Hamstring muscle injury is the first diagnosis of injury in sports involving sprints. Its prevention represents a fundamental challenge for the technical and health professionals around the athletes. Risk factors have been described and can be used for screening at-risk individuals (age, history of hamstring injury, strength deficit). Although every determinant of the occurrence of these injuries has not yet been determined, and currently available preventive measures are not fully effective (eccentric muscle strengthening and strength deficit screening), these preventive measures do exist and must be implemented to the benefit of athletes before more comprehensive approaches are developed and demonstrate greater efficiency.