Genetic abnormalities associated with the development, progression and treatment resistance of hematological malignancies are extensively characterized. Rapid, reliable and cost-efficient techniques are needed to screen the clinically relevant aberrations in routine diagnostics. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification is an efficient tool to analyze genomic copy number aberrations at 55-60 different genomic loci. The method allows the profiling of prognostic and predictive markers; thus, it can efficiently be combined with karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization, the most commonly used diagnostic techniques to detect cytogenetic lesions. Furthermore, the method can interrogate methylation status and unravel point mutations at specific sites, providing results in 24 hours. Here, we describe the technical background of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, summarize its advantages and limitations as well as discuss its role in oncohematological diagnostics and research. Finally, future outlook is provided, with emphasis on recent technological advances related to next-generation sequencing. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(15): 583-592.