Deep infiltrating endometriosis is the most severe form of the disease, defined by infiltration beneath the peritoneum greater than 5mm. It affects several anatomical locations including the bladder, the vesico-uterine cul-de-sac, the torus uterinum, the uterosacral ligament, rectovaginal septum and the colon-rectum. Deep infiltrating endometriosis is associated with infertility. Surgery performed for deep infiltrating endometriosis in the context of pain offers good pregnancy rates either spontaneously or after assisted reproductive technologies. The results are less favorable when digestive tract is involved. IVF performed in the context of deep infiltrating endometriosis allows very satisfactory results and does not entail risks of aggravation of the pathology. There is currently no clear evidence to support either IVF or surgery to manage infertility associated with deep infiltrating endometriosis, but patients should be informed, although a risk of severe complication exists, that surgery is the only way to increase the chances of spontaneous fertility.