
Paralelno s porastom prevalencije pretilosti i metaboličkog sindroma nealkoholna masna bolest jetre - NAFLD (engl. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) sve se više prepoznaje kao najčešća bolest jetre odraslih i djece. Unatoč sve većoj prevalenciji, NAFLD ostaje uglavnom nedijagnosticiran i netretiran u rutinskoj medicinskoj praksi. Većina bolesnika s NAFLD-om nema nikakvih simptoma, dok samo rijetki navode nelagodu u gornjem desnom kvadrantu abdomena ili pojačani umor. Dijagnoza se najčešće postavlja slučajno tijekom pregleda abdomena ultrazvukom učinjenim zbog nekog drugog razloga, ili nalazom povišenih jetrenih biokemijskih testova. Rano prepoznavanje od velike je važnosti za pravodobno, ispravno i uspješno liječenje. U primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti malo se zna o procesima koji se odnose na identifi kaciju, dijagnostiku i upućivanje bolesnika na daljnje pretrage specijalistima konzultantima. Razlikovanje steatoze od steatohepatitisa i procjena stupnja uznapredovalosti fi broze unutar steatohepatitisa od iznimne je važnosti. U tom pogledu još uvijek je vodeći ”zlatni standard” patohistološka analiza tkiva dobivenog biopsijom. U postupanju s bolesnicima sa sumnjom na NAFLD obiteljskom liječniku od velike pomoći mogu biti stručne smjernice koje bi trebale biti usaglašene. Upravo bi takve smjernice mogle smanjiti ozbiljne posljedice kasnog prepoznavanja NAFLD-a. Istraživanja novijeg datuma pokazuju kako je NAFLD povezan s povišenom prevalencijom i incidencijom kardiovaskularnih komplikacija. Zbog svoje kompleksnosti, hepatičkih i ekstrahepatičkih komplikacija, heterogenosti u kliničkoj prezentaciji, histološkoj težini, prognozi i terapijskom ishodu NAFLD zahtijeva multidisciplinarni pristup s aktivnijom ulogom obiteljskog liječnika u preventivnoj skrbi, dijagnostici i liječenju osobito kod rizičnih osoba i skupina. Veću pozornost treba usmjeriti modifi kaciji životnih stilova (redukcija tjelesne težine, tjelesna aktivnost) i njihovoj praktičnoj provedbi.
With the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common liver disease in adults and children. Despite the increasing prevalence, NAFLD remains largely undiagnosed and untreated in routine medical practice. Most patients with NAFLD have no symptoms, while only a few feel discomfort in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen or increased fatigue. The diagnosis is usually set during abdominal ultrasound examination, which is done for some other reason, or by elevated liver biochemical test findings. Early recognition is very important for correct and successful treatment. In primary health care, little is known about the processes related to the identifi cation, diagnosis and referral of patients to specialists. Differentiation between steatosis and steatohepatitis by assessing the severity of fi brosis within steatohepatitis is extremely important. Histopathologic analysis of tissue obtained by biopsy remains the gold standard in this fi eld. For family physician, guidelines that should be combined can be of great help in treating patients with suspected NAFLD. The serious consequences of late recognition of NAFLD could be reduced by such guidelines. Recent studies have shown that NAFLD is associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of cardiovascular complications. Because of their complexity, hepatic and extrahepatic complications, heterogeneity in clinical presentation, histologic severity, prognosis and therapeutic outcome, NAFLD requires a multidisciplinary approach with the active role of family physicians in preventive care, diagnosis and treatment, especially in individuals and groups at risk. Greater attention should be focused on lifestyle modifi cations (reduction in body weight and physical activity) and their practical implementation.
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Disease Management, Lipid Metabolism, obiteljski liječnik, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Disease Progression, Humans, nealkoholna masna bolest jetre, family physician, Family Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, liver biopsy, biopsija jetre
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Disease Management, Lipid Metabolism, obiteljski liječnik, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Disease Progression, Humans, nealkoholna masna bolest jetre, family physician, Family Practice, Risk Reduction Behavior, liver biopsy, biopsija jetre
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