Previous studies have found that Musashi-2 (Msi-2) plays an essential role in regulating the gene expression of stem cell populations by inhibiting or activating the translation, and thus regulates stem cell function. Current research shows that Msi-2 involved in the regulation of a variety of malignant hematological diseases through different mechanisms; moreover abnormally expressed in a variety of malignant hematological diseases and involved in the occurrence, development of a variety of malignant hematological diseases. Further study on the role of malignant hematologic diseases will further clarify the pathogenesis of malignant hematologic diseases, and provide a new basis for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant hematological diseases. In this review, the structure and function of Msi-2 and its relationship with malignant hematologic diseases and its latest research progress are summarized.