The article describes the diverse methods of stone destruction in urolithiasis patients, including laser lithotripsy as the least traumatic and most efficient method of demolition of all types of urinary stones. Different types of lasers for intracorporeal lithotripsy have different mechanisms of stone fragmentation depending on the type of laser and its radiation parameters. The latest researches showed that new and promising laser modalities for lithotripsy are devices based on thulium (Tm) doped fiber laser, which can not only increase by several times the speed of the of stone fragmentation, but also minimizes the risks of surgical complications, due to the peculiarities of interaction between radiation and biological tissues.