To study the chemical constituents of stem of Camellia oleifera.The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and MPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and special analysis.Seven compounds were isolated from the stem of Camellia oleifera, whose structures were elucidated as (-) -pinoresinol (1), (-) -medioresinol (2), skullcapflavone II (3), betulinic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1 --> 2) -β-D-xylopyransoyl-(1 --> 3) -[β-D-glucopyranosyl- (1 --> 2)] -β-D-glucuronopyranosyl-22α-angeloyloxyolean-12-ene-15α,16α,28-triol (6) and oleanolic acid (7).Compounds 1 - 6 are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1 - 3 are isolated from this genus for the first time.