The main indications of pars plana vitrectomy are opacities of the vitreous without tendency to be absorbed, proliferating retinopathies, complicated retina detachment, heavy ocular injuries and states after the injuries, infective endopthalmitis and epimacular membranes. There is paid attention also to the indication for the inner tamponade using gases and silicone oil. Author emphasizes the cooperation between the all ophthalmologists with specialized vitreoretinal surgical units, because this is extremely needed for the repair of the urgent cases where early performance of PPV is operation of choice.