The importance of leishmaniases in human medicine, on a global as well as a national level, is a matter that offers no doubts. The problems caused by these illnesses are what cause increased attention to the vector insects: the phlebotomos. This article offers an overview of the most significant aspects of the species to be found in Spain. Apart from mentioning the highlights of the studies which have been carried out in our country concerning these insects, an analysis is also made of the distribution throughout the entire country, giving a map which shows the species captured in each province. Mention is also made of the morphological characteristics of greatest taxonomic importance, including 3 illustrations on this subject, and finally, the article gives the most important data on its biology, be it in the pre-imaginal stages (eggs, larva, pupa), or in the adults.