More than 50% of all amputees are reporting phantom pain. There are several different neuropathophysiological and psychopathological models of phantom pain. However, these models can only partially explain the genesis and the occurrence of phantom pain. The suggested treatments vary largely from author to author. This is due partly to the limited response to all known and applied therapeutic procedures. These complications imply that the therapeutist will be faced with the special challenge of long-term care and support of amputees suffering from phantom pain.