Dextro-transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum (d-TGA) is the most frequent cyanotic congenital heart disease in neonates. In newborns affected by d-TGA, the pulmonary and systemic circulations are in parallel instead of being in series. The survival of babies affected by d-TGA is related to the level of mixing at the patent foramen ovale. The diagnosis of d-TGA is an indication for treatment due to scarce survival beyond the neonatal period if not corrected. The current surgical approach is the anatomical correction with the arterial switch operation, which has excellent early and medium-term results. In this review, we discuss treatment of d-TGA and the arterial switch operation, the medium- and long-term results following surgery, and the reasons that have led the arterial switch operation to its popularity compared to the former physiological correction of d-TGA, i.e. the Senning and Mustard procedures.