Opinions of F. M. Dostoevsky's death as resulting from "...throat bleeding..." associated with bronchopulmonary pathology differ and have no solid basis. In order to clarify mechanisms behind fatal "...throat bleeding...", we systematized the data pertaining to possible pathology and undertook retrospective differential diagnostic analysis of the case history taking account of the patient's description of his health conditions, notes made by the writer after counseling with doctors, and observations of his relatives. Main attention was given to lung diseases that could possibly provoke "... throat bleeding..." In contrast to the generally accepted view we failed to obtain convincing evidence that this condition was responsible for the lethal outcome. New versions of the cause and mechanism of F. M. Dostoevsky's death are proposed, but none of them has yet been definitely proved.