To investigate the patients' characteristics and efficacy of prognosis evaluation by International Prognosis Scoring System (IPSS) and Revised International Prognosis Scoring System (IPSS-R) in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).Prognostic value of IPSS and IPSS-R was evaluated on clinical data from 159 MDS patients, according to WHO classification.With a median age of 44 years (range:15-80 years), MDS patients had the frequency of 38.56% with abnormal karyotype, including the most common abnormality +8 (20/153, 12.6%). 34 of 142 patients transformed into leukemia. Age and the level of β2 micro-globulin were the prognostic factors by multivariate analysis and IPSS-R had a better prognostic significance. The differences in cumulative survival between IPSS subgroups were significant (P0.05). There were statistical differences for IPSS-R low risk group vs high or very high risk group, and intermediate risk group vs high or very high risk group (P<0.05). IPSS-R enables IPSS subgroups re-stratification and split IPSS intermediate I-risk group into two subgroups with different prognosis.There were significant differences in age of onset, distribution of prognosis scoring system subgroups and abnormal karyotype compared with those in Europe and America. The proportion of higher risk (worse than good karyotype) in IPSS-R was higher than that in Europe and America. Age and the level of β2 micro-globulin were prognostic factors. Both IPSS and IPSS-R were applicable in Chinese MDS patients and the latter performed better. Applying IPSS-R to re-stratify IPSS subgroups helps evaluate prognosis more accurately and improve treatment outcomes.