We report a case of primary vaginal lymphoma. The clinical presentation was an episode of dysuria and acute urinary retention. We performed a bibliographic review.Thirty-six year-old patient who consulted in the urology clinic for hesitancy that triggered an episode of acute urinary retention. Physical examination revealed thickening of the vaginal wall. Biopsy was performed and diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell primary vaginal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was obtained.Primary lymphomas of the female genital tract are rare. The third most frequent location is vagina. The most common manifestation is vaginal bleeding. Urinary symptoms are rarely the first sign. Diagnosis requires a biopsy. The first choice for treatment is Rituximab- CHOP immuno-chemotherapy.Vaginal lymphoma is a rare disease. Unfrequently, the first clinical manifestations are urinary tract symptoms, and even less acute urinary retention.