Vascular access for hemodialysis is the mode of renal replacement therapy for chronic renal failure patients. The present study reports patency rates of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and graft (AVG).Between July 2008 and June 2011, 336 vascular accesses were performed in 293 patients in Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University. The patient was follow until June 2012. A retrospective review was conduct to analyze patency rate.Two hundred ninety three patients underwent 286 AVFs and 50 AVGs. Patency rate was analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Primary patency rate of AVF at one, two, and three-year was 78.69%, 70.43%, and 60.72%, respectively Assisted primary patency of AVF at one, two, and three-year was 88.24%, 75.63%, and 40.34%, respectively. Secondary patency rate of AVF at one and two-year was 71.46% and 71.46%, respectively. Primary patency rate of AVG at one, two, and three-year was 63.94%, 43.93%, and 36.60%, respectively. Assisted primary patency of AVG at one-year was 100%. Secondary patency rate of AVG at one-year was 46.30%. Graft infection was the major complication ofAVG (12%).The authors' results of vascular access surgery were comparable to results from a review of literature.