This paper reports a case of cerebral schistosomiasis in pseudotumoral form, located in the cortex of the left parietal lobe, causing right hemiparesy and intracranial hypertension syndrome, diagnosed by surgical biopsy. Vascular and immunological factors are considered in regard to the physiopathogeny of neuroschistosomiasis. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of more detailed studies, on more accurate diagnosis, and on the publication of the various forms of cerebral involvement in schistosomiasis mansoni. This involvement appears to be more frequent than what presently believed. Since clinical symptoms in cerebral involvement during disease is rare, descriptions of pseudotumoral form appear infrequently in medical literature.