In recent years, there has been a change in the health and disease spectrum among children and adolescents, with an increase in mental health problems and a shift from acute to chronic illness. In this phase, the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has increased in importance as a dimension of subjective health. The aim of this study is to describe the HRQoL of children and adolescents measured with the internationally standardized screening instrument KIDSCREEN-10. In the follow-up of the KiGGS study in 2009-2012 (KiGGS Wave 1), 2,567 parents of children aged 7-10 years and 4,878 adolescents aged 11 years or older completed the KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. In all, 94% of parents of 7- to 10-year-old girls and boys estimate the HRQoL of their children to be "very good" or "good." Of the 11- to 17-year-old adolescents, 96% report their HRQoL as "very good" or "good." Somatic diseases and pain as well as mental health problems and a low social status are included in the HRQoL in only a limited way. Potential differences in HRQoL by social status were not confirmed in multivariate models. The HRQoL of the examined children and adolescents is predominantly very good or good. Interventions to improve the HRQoL of children and adolescents with diseases and psychopathological problems are necessary, regardless of their social status.