The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) is an initiative of the National Institute of Mental Health of the United States of America, which based on research purposes consists of a new way of classifying mental disorders. His raison d'être is based on the conclusion that the knowledge progress of neurosciences does not seem to confirm the validity of the conventional psychiatric diagnoses. Furthermore, researching based on such diagnoses would weaken the progress in Psychiatry. Besides these scientific reasons, the Research Domain Criteria project is born within a political framework, giving raise to economic tensions. The objective of this paper is to discuss the first issue without avoiding the second one.