Although its indications are relatively unfrequent, vitrectomy may be justified in certain types of uveitis. It allows differential diagnosis between vitreal inflammation and infection, accurate diagnosis in several metastatic conditions, Whipple disease with ocular involvement, amyloidosis and specific inflammations of various origin. If vitreous opacities become prominent or if retinal complications occur, therapeutic vitrectomy may be indicated without major risks. It will offer a marked improvement of the vision, an easier treatment for new inflammatory episodes and maybe a reduction of the activity of the inflammatory process.