To study the chemical constituents of Gastrodia elata.The compounds were isolated by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.The structures of 14 compounds were identified as: p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (1), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (3), 4, 4'-dihydroxy, dibenzyl ether (4), 4-hydroxymethyl benzyl-4'-hydroxy-3'-(4"-hydroxy benzl) benzyl ether (5), 4-ethoxybenzyl alcohol (6), anisic alcohol (7), bis(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) methane (8), 4, 4'-dihydroxydiphenyl methane (9), 2, 4-bis(4'-hydroxy-benzyl)-phenol (10), 4-( methoxymenthyl) benzene-1, 2-diol (11), p-methylphenyl-1 -O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (12), N6-(4'-hydroxybenzl) -adenosine (13) and beta-sitosterol (14).Compounds 6 - 8 and 11 are isolated from this plant for the first time.