Diagnostic criteria and pathophysiology of narcolepsy-cataplexy have evolved considerably over the last 10 years. The main cause, already mentioned in a previous paper, in the Revue Médicale de Liège (65), in 2002, is based, in human beings, on a destruction of specific cells located in the lateral and posterior part of the hypothalamus (the perifornical nuclei, containing some 70,000 neurons), producing peptides which stimulate the central nervous system; they are called hypocretins or orexins. The role of autoimmunity in their disappearance becomes more evident. The treatment is simplified, but remains symptomatic. It is mainly based on Sodium Oxybate or Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate, syrup, prescribed for the night. The authors report on their own experience in this regard and on future therapeutics more targeted towards the cause of the disease.