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Criterios jurisprudenciales para declarar la validez de la prueba preconstituida realizada en fase de instrucción frente a la retractación de la víctima menor realizada en el juicio oral: conforme a la STS, Sala de lo Penal, Sala 2ª, Sentencia 3/2024 de 10 de enero de 2024, Rec. 6636/2021

Authors: Badiola Coca, Silvia;

Criterios jurisprudenciales para declarar la validez de la prueba preconstituida realizada en fase de instrucción frente a la retractación de la víctima menor realizada en el juicio oral: conforme a la STS, Sala de lo Penal, Sala 2ª, Sentencia 3/2024 de 10 de enero de 2024, Rec. 6636/2021

Abstract

La prueba preconstituida se configura como uno de los elementos más complicados del proceso penal, tanto por la escasa regulación en la materia como por la propia dificultad de su estructura. Conforme a la letra del art. 449 ter LECrim, se establece la obligación de la preconstitución probatoria de cualquier testimonio emitido por un menor de catorce años, con la garantía de que su práctica sea contradictoria, evite la confrontación visual con el investigado y se desarrolle a través de los equipos psicosociales. En consecuencia, la declaración en el acto del juicio oral del menor se convierte en excepcional por el impacto de la victimización secundaria que puede materializarse en la retractación de la víctima en juicio. Sobre esta cuestión se pronuncia STS, Sala de lo Penal, Sala 2a, Sentencia 3/2024 de 10 de enero de 2024, Rec. 6636/2021, que declara la validez de la declaración inculpatoria de la menor realizada en fase de instrucción, frente a su retractación realizada en el juicio oral. Se descarta el móvil espurio y se estima que la retractación de la víctima en el juicio responde a un claro ejemplo de victimización secundaria debido al estado de alteración psíquica.

Preconstituted evidence is one of the most complicated elements of the criminal process, both due to the lack of regulation on the subject and the difficulty of its structure. In accordance with the letter of art. 449ter of the LECrim., establishes the obligation of pre‐constitution of evidence of any testimony issued by a minor under fourteen years of age, with the guarantee that its practice is contradictory, avoids visual confrontation with the person under investigation and is developed through the psychosocial teams. Consequently, the statement in the oral trial of the minor becomes exceptional due to the impact of secondary victimization that can materialize in the victim’s recantation in court. On this issue, a ruling is made by the Supreme Court, Criminal Chamber, 2nd Chamber, Sentence 3/2024 of January 10, 2024, Rec. 6636/2021, which declares the validity of the minor’s incriminating statement made in the instruction, compared to his retraction made in the oral trial. The spurious motive is ruled out and it is estimated that the victim’s recantation at trial responds to a clear example of secondary victimization due to the state of psychological alteration.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Prueba preconstituida, Minor, Menor, Pre-constituted evidence, Victimización secundaria, Retractación, Retraction, Secondary victimization

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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