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Nutrición clínica: soporte nutricional

Authors: Oria Mundín, Eugenio José; Beriain Apesteguía, María José; Ibáñez Moya, Francisco C.;

Nutrición clínica: soporte nutricional

Abstract

Cuando se establecen las medidas de tratamiento en el paciente hospitalizado, con independencia de su enfermedad y gravedad, debe valorarse la necesidad de iniciar un soporte nutricional adecuado, si es necesario oral, enteral o parenteral, como una medida más de ese tratamiento. El tipo y las características del soporte nutricional dependerán del grado de desnutrición previa, la gravedad de la enfermedad aguda y el tiempo estimado en recuperar la ingesta por vía oral. El aporte adecuado de nutrientes es de gran importancia en el manejo nutricional del paciente hospitalizado, ya que la malnutrición1 puede agravar su estado clínico. El cálculo de los requerimientos energéticos y proteicos que deben administrarse depende de factores como la superficie corporal, la edad, el sexo, la actividad física y el factor de estrés relacionado con la enfermedad subyacente. El objetivo del soporte nutricional artificial2 en el paciente hospitalizado debe centrarse en el mantenimiento del equilibrio energético y de la síntesis proteica, más que en la ganancia de peso corporal. Mientras que un individuo sano requiere diariamente 0,8-1,0 g de proteína/kg de peso corporal, un paciente hospitalizado, cuyo metabolismo esté exacerbado por su enfermedad, puede necesitar 1,2-1,7 g de proteína/kg, con un aporte energético diario del orden de 25-30 kcal/kg.

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Requerimiento nutricional, Fórmula oligomérica, Algoritmo, Nutrición enteral, Solución estándar, Vía de administración, Nutrición parenteral, Solución especial, Fórmula monomérica, Fórmula polimérica

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green