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Grid-forming control for high-power inverters

Técnicas de controles grid-forming para inversores de alta potencia
Authors: Erdocia Zabala, Ioseba;

Grid-forming control for high-power inverters

Abstract

La crisis medioambiental actual está potenciando el aumento de la demanda de fuentes renovables y sistemas de almacenamiento. La conexión de estas unidades de generación, que se realiza a través de inversores de alta potencia para minimizar costes, está causando el reemplazo completo de los generadores síncronos, dando lugar a que aparezcan más frecuentemente microrredes basadas en inversores de alta potencia que pueden operar conectadas a red, aisladas o en ambos modos. En este escenario, los inversores electrónicos ya no pueden ser controlados en modo grid-following, ya que su funcionamiento como fuentes de corriente podría comprometer la estabilidad del sistema de potencia. Para evitar esto, se ha propuesto controlar los inversores en modo grid-forming, de forma que se comporten como fuentes de tensión, contribuyendo siempre al mantenimiento de la frecuencia y la tensión y siendo capaces de operar de forma aislada. Esta tesis se centra en el desarrollo de estrategias de control grid-forming para inversores de alta potencia. El principal objetivo es diseñar e implementar técnicas que permitan garantizar la operación fiable de los inversores grid-forming en cualquier condición. Por ello, se han abordado los siguientes aspectos: • Modelado del amortiguamiento intrínseco de inversores de alta potencia para diseñar los lazos de control de forma robusta. • Desarrollo de un método que proporcione al control de tensión basado en un único lazo, generalmente implementado en inversores de alta potencia, capacidad para limitar sobrecorrientes. • Análisis de estabilidad de una microrred basada en inversores cuando se utiliza el control droop como estrategia grid-forming. • Diseño de un control droop de frecuencia que garantice la estabilidad transitoria de la microgrid en presencia de sobrecargas y cortocircuitos. • Diseño de un control droop de frecuencia que mejore la estabilidad transitoria de los inversores grid-forming durante huecos de tensión.

The present environmental crisis is driving the increase in demand for renewable sources and energy storage systems. The connection of these generation units, made through high-power inverters to minimize costs, is leading to the total replacement of synchronous generators, giving rise to the more frequent appearance of high-power inverter-based microgrids that can work tied to the main grid, islanded or in both operating modes. In this scenario, electronics inverters can no longer be controlled in grid-following mode since their performance as current sources would compromise the stability of the power systems. To avoid this, the concept of controlling the inverters in grid-forming mode has been proposed, in such a way that they perform as voltage sources, always contributing to the maintenance of frequency and voltage and having capability of working under stand-alone mode. This thesis aims to develop grid-forming control strategies for high-power inverters. The main objective is to design and implement techniques that permit ensuring the reliable operation of grid-forming inverters at all possible conditions. Therefore, the following issues are addressed: • Modeling of the inherent damping of high-power inverters to robustly design the control loops. • Development of a method that provides the single-loop voltage control, generally implemented in high-power inverters, with an overcurrent limiting capability. • Stability analysis of inverter-based microgrids when using the conventional droop control as grid-forming strategy. • Design of a frequency droop control that guarantees the transient stability of inverter-based microgrids in stand-alone mode in the presence of overloads or short-circuits. • Design of a frequency droop control that enhances the transient stability of grid-forming inverters in grid-connected mode under voltage dips.

This thesis has been funded by the Public University of Navarre through a PhD scholarship. The company Ingeteam Power Technology has supported economically and technically this project under OTRI contracts 20200901027 and 2018901116. Moreover, the Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and FEDER-UE have supported the investigation under grants PID2019-110956RB-I00 and DPI2016-80641-R.

Programa de Doctorado en Tecnologías de las Comunicaciones, Bioingeniería y de las Energías Renovables (RD 99/2011)

Bioingeniaritzako eta Komunikazioen eta Energia Berriztagarrien Teknologietako Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

Country
Spain
Related Organizations
Keywords

Converter control, Cortocircuito, Control de convertidores, Active damping, Controles grid-forming, Inversor de alta potencia, Sobrecarga, Grid-forming control, Short-circuit, Amortiguación activa, High-power inverter

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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