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TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa)
Doctoral thesis . 2015
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Implicación de LRP5 en la enfermedad cardiovascular

Authors: Romero Sandoval, July Carolina;

Implicación de LRP5 en la enfermedad cardiovascular

Abstract

Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (CVD) son la primera causa de discapacidad y muerte prematura en el mundo. La aterosclerosis, caracterizada por la acumulación de lípidos y elementos fibrosos en las arterias, es el principal proceso patológico que da lugar a las CVD. En el desarrollo de esta patología participan la diferenciación, la proliferación y la migración celular, dando lugar a diferentes respuestas celulares y moleculares, que son características de una enfermedad inflamatoria. La vía de señalización por Wnt es un regulador de la proliferación, la supervivencia y la diferenciación celular y es una de las primeras repuestas celulares al daño. En esta tesis quisimos discernir si la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt tiene un papel anti- o pro-inflamatorio durante la progresión de la lesión aterosclerótica, así como la implicación de su activación mediante LRP5 en los estados iniciales de la aterosclerosis. Con este fin, analizamos la expresión de LRP5 en los tipos celulares implicados en la formación de la lesión aterosclerótica y su modulación por los lípidos extracelulares. Estudiamos la implicación del LRP5 en la diferenciación y proliferación de las células inflamatorias que participan en la formación de la lesión aterosclerótica y caracterizamos la función de LRP5 y la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt en un modelo de ratones hipercolesterolémicos deficientes para LRP5. Nuestros resultados demuestran que los lípidos extracelulares aumentan la expresión de LRP5 en cultivos de macrófagos humanos provocando la activación de la vía de de señalización por Wnt, mientras que el silenciamiento de LRP5 provoca una menor migración de los macrófagos. La sobreexpresión de LRP5 en monocitos induce una menor diferenciación a macrófagos, una disminución de la proliferación y un aumento de la apoptosis. En ratones hipercolesterolémicos deficientes para LRP5 la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt se encuentra bloqueada empeorando el perfil dislipémico de los ratones Lrp5-/- mediante el aumento de la infiltración de monocitos en la pared vascular y de la respuesta inflamatoria de los leucocitos. Además, demostramos que los efectos proaterogénicos ocasionados por el exceso de lípidos en el plasma están mediamos en parte por la modulación de la expresión de LRP5 en la aorta y que LRP5 y la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt ejercen un mecanismo de defensa contra de la hiperlipidemia y la progresión de las lesiones ateroscleróticas. Así, este trabajo describe la implicación de LRP5 en diferentes procesos celulares claves durante la formación de la lesión, como son la infiltración y diferenciación de las células monocíticas, la adhesión y migración celular y la captación de lípidos. Además, demostramos que la ausencia de este receptor durante la hipercolesterolemia ocasiona una deficiencia en la respuesta inflamatoria y en el metabolismo de las lipoproteínas a nivel sistémico. En conjunto, nuestros resultados demuestran la participación de LRP5 en el desarrollo de la lesión aterosclerótica y evidencian un papel ateroprotector y de supervivencia para LRP5 y la vía canónica de señalización por Wnt.

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in large arteries. It is the main underlying pathological process leading to heart attack and stroke. Low-density-lipoprotein Receptor-related Protein 5 (LRP5) functions as a co-receptor with Frizzled for extracellular Wnt glycoproteins to trigger the canonical Wnt pathway. It regulates multiple cellular processes including cell differentiation, inflammation, carcinogenesis, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. We studied the role of LRP5 and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in atherosclerosis progression. First we analyzed cultured human macrophages and demonstrated that the canonical Wnt pathway can be activated by extracellular lipids binding to LRP5 and that the motility of macrophages is severely impaired in LRP5-deficient inflammatory cells. We showed that high levels of LRP5 impaired monocyte to macrophage differentiation through ß-catenin sequestering at the plasma membrane. We then moved to an “in vivo” mice model where we found that hypercholesterolemic LRP5 knockout mice (LRP5-/-) have larger atherosclerotic lesions compared with their WT littermates indicating a protective role for LRP5 in atherosclerosis progression. Furthermore, in the absence of LRP5 there is an increase in the leukocyte-driven inflammatory response as the canonical Wnt signaling pathway cannot be activated. Thus, we conclude that LRP5 and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway are a defense mechanism against hyperlipidemia and inflammation during atherosclerotic lesion progression. In summary, this work describes the role of LRP5 and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway in different key cellular processes during atherosclerosis progression, including differentiation, cellular adhesion, migration and infiltration of inflammatory cells. We also demonstrate that the absence of LRP5 under hypercholesterolemic conditions impairs the inflammatory response. These results show an atheroprotective and pro-survival role for LRP5 and the canonical Wnt signaling pathway during atherosclerosis progression.

Tesi realitzada a l'Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars (CSIC-ICCC)

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Spain
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Keywords

LRP5, Wnt, Hipercolesterolèmia, Hypercholesteremia, 616.1, Atherosclerosis, Ciències de la Salut, Hipercolesterolemia, Aterosclerosis, Aterosclerosi

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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